After stone
tools appear in the fossil record it seems clear that meat was eaten in
increasing quantities, but whether it was obtained through hunting or scavenging
remains a topic of intense debate. One of the most intriguing ideas is that changes in
diet quality during hominid evolution were linked with the evolution of brain size.
The shift to a more calorically dense diet was probably needed in order to
substantially increase the amount of metabolic energy being used by the hominid
brain. Thus, while nutritional factors alone are not sufficient to explain the evolution
of our large brains, it seems clear that certain dietary changes were necessary for
substantial brain evolution to take place.